جشن ها و اعیاد رسمی

[BLaDe]

سلام به دوستان علاقه من به زبان انگلیسی ...:شاد:
راستش من دیدم این تاپیک جاش خالیه و خواستم در مورد جشن های مختلف در سال میلادی در کشورهای دیگر از جمله آمریکا توضیحاتی رو به هر دو زبان فارسی و انگلیسی در این تاپیک شرح بدم ..

در صورتی که ترجمه متن انگلیسی گذاشته نشده بود ، بدین معنیه که در اولین فرصت متن انگلیسی ترجمه و گذاشته میشه و اگه در متن انگلیسی متوجه نشدید چی نوشته نگران نباشید ..
ضمنا به احتمال زیاد بیشترین قسمت از متن های انگلیسی یا تمامی اونا از ویکی پدیا که یک دیکشنری و دایره المعارف آنلاین بید ، خواهد بود.
ممنونم از همراهی تون ..:نیش:

 

[BLaDe]

Christmas or Christmas Day (old English: Crīstesmæsse, literally "Christ's mass") is an annual commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ, celebrated generally on December 25 as a religious and cultural holiday by billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it closes the Advent season and initiates the twelve days of Christmastide. Christmas is a civil holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians,and is an integral part of the Christmas and holiday season

کریسمس یا روز کریسمس یک جشن یادبود سالانه از تولد (میلاد ) حضرت عیسی مسیح است که عموماً در 25 دسامبر به عنوان یک روز تعطیل مذهبی و فرهنگی به وسیله بیلیون ها نفر از مردم سراسر جهان جشن گرفته می شود. یک جشن مربوط به سال علم العبادات مسیحی ، زمان ظهور ( چهار یکشنبه قبل از میلاد مسیح ) را منعقد می کند و 12 روز از ایام کریسمس را آغاز می کند. کریسمس یک روز تعطیل مدنی در بسیاری از ملت های جهان به شمار می رود که توسط تعداد رو به افزایشی از غیرمسیحییان برگزار می شود و جزء لازمی از کریسمس و دوران تعطیلات است.
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The precise day of Jesus' birth, which some historians place between 7 and 2 BC, is unknown.In the early-to-mid 4th century, Western Christianity first placed Christmas on December 25, a date later adopted also in the East. Theories advanced to explain that choice include that it falls exactly nine months after the Christian celebration of the Annunciation,[16] or that it was selected to coincide with either the date of the Roman winter solstice or of an ancient pagan winter festival in order to supplant these celebrations and replace them with a Christian one

روز دقیق میلاد مسیح که برخی از تاریخ دانان میان هفتم و دوم قبل از میلاد مسیح جای می دهند ، نامشخص است. در اوایل تا اواسط قرن چهارم مسیحیت ( دین مسیحی ) غربی برای نخستین بار کریسمس را در 25 دسامبر و در شرق نیز یک تاریخ بعد نام گذاری نمودند. نظریات به منظور تشریح اینکه آن انتخاب شامل این است که آن دقیقا نه ماه پس از جشن عید تبشیر ( عید مارس مسیحیان ) مسیحیان ترقی نمود و یا اینکه به منظور مصادف شدن با تاریخ انقلاب زمستانی رومیان یا جشن زمستانی باستانی غیر مسیحی به منظور از ریشه کندن این جشن ها و جایگزین نمودن آنها با جشن های مسیحی انتخاب گردید.​

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The original date of the celebration in Eastern Christianity was January 6, in connection with Epiphany, and that is still the date of the celebration for the Armenian Apostolic Church and in Armenia, where it is a public holiday. As of 2011, there is a difference of 13 days between the modern Gregorian calendar and the older Julian calendar. Those who continue to use the Julian calendar or its equivalents thus celebrate December 25 and January 6 on what for the majority of the world is January 7 and January 19. For this reason, Ethiopia, Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Macedonia, and the Republic of Moldova celebrate Christmas on what in the Gregorian calendar is January 7; all the Greek Orthodox Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25

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The popular celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian and secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving, Christmas music and caroling, an exchange of Christmas cards, church celebrations, a special meal, and the display of various Christmas decorations, including Christmas trees, Christmas lights, nativity scenes, garlands, wreaths, mistletoe, and holly. In addition, several closely related and often interchangeable figures, known as Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas and Christ-kind, are associated with bringing gifts to children during the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world

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Christmas Day is celebrated as a major festival and public holiday in countries around the world, including many whose populations are mostly non-Christian. In some non-Christian countries, periods of former colonial rule introduced the celebration (e.g. Hong Kong); in others, Christian minorities or foreign cultural influences have led populations to observe the holiday. Countries such as Japan and Korea, where Christmas is popular despite there being only a small number of Christians, have adopted many of the secular aspects of Christmas, such as gift-giving, decorations and Christmas trees


Notable countries in which Christmas is not a formal public holiday include China, (excepting Hong Kong and Macao), Japan, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Thailand, Nepal, Iran, Turkey and North Korea. Christmas celebrations around the world can vary markedly in form, reflecting differing cultural and national traditions

کشورهای قابل توجهی که در آنها کریسمس یک تعطیلی رسمی عمومی به شمار نمی رود شامل چین ( به غیر از هنگ کنگ و ماکائو ) ، ژاپن ، عربستان صعودی ، الجزایر ، تایلند ، نپال ، ایران ، ترکیه و کره شمالی می باشد. جشن های کریسمس در سراسر جهان می تواند در شکل ، انعکاس سنت متفاوت و رسوم ملی متفاوت و متغیر باشد.
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Among countries with a strong Christian tradition, a variety of Christmas celebrations have developed that incorporate regional and local cultures. For Christians, participating in a religious service plays an important part in the recognition of the season. Christmas, along with Easter, is the period of highest annual church attendance


In Catholic countries, the people hold religious processions or parades in the days preceding Christmas. In other countries, secular processions or parades featuring Santa Claus and other seasonal figures are often held. Family reunions and the exchange of gifts are a widespread feature of the season. Gift giving takes place on Christmas Day in most countries. Others practice gift giving on December 6, Saint Nicholas Day, and January 6, Epiphany

منبع( Source)
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[BLaDe]

Christmas Eve

شب عید کریسمس
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Christmas Eve refers to the evening or entire day preceding Christmas Day, a widely celebrated festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth that takes place on December 25. It is a culturally significant celebration for most of the Western world and is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day

One reason celebrations occur on Christmas Eve is because the traditional Christian liturgical day starts at sunset, an inheritance from Jewish tradition, which in turn is based in the story of creation in Genesis: "And there was evening, and there was morning – the first day." This liturgical day is followed for all days in the Eastern rite and the custom of beginning Christmas celebration (as well as Sunday and the other major festivals) in the preceding evening is preserved in western Churches that have altered the liturgical day to start at midnight, for example the Roman Catholic Church. Many churches still ring their church bells and hold prayers in the evening before holidays; for example the Nordic Lutheran churches. In some languages, such as the Scandinavian, Christmas Eve is simply referred to as "Christmas Evening

Since Christian tradition holds that Jesus was born at night (based in Luke 2:6-8), Midnight Mass is celebrated on Christmas Eve, traditionally at midnight, in commemoration of his birth. The idea of Jesus being born at night is reflected in the fact that Christmas Eve is referred to as "Heilige Nacht" ("Holy Night") in German, "Nochebuena" ("the Good Night") in Spanish and similarly in other expressions of Christmas spirituality, such as the song "Silent Night, Holy Night"


Nominally religious people, or people who are not formal with definitions, may see the whole day as a day of celebration or as just the day before Christmas. Moreover, Christmas Eve is observed by both Christians and some non-Christians; in regions where non-Christians do not celebrate Christmas, such as the Indian subcontinent, the holiday is still said to be "the great day of the year" (Hindustani: बड़ा दिन (Devanagari), بڑا دِن (Nastaleeq)) by non-Christian religionists, including Hindus and Muslims. The emphasis of celebration on Christmas Eve varies from country to country and region to region

Christmas Meals
وعده های غذایی روز کریسمس

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During the Reformation in 16th–17th century Europe, many Protestants changed the gift bringer to the Christ Child or Christkindl, and the date of giving gifts changed from December 6 to Christmas Eve. It is the night when Santa Claus (or some variant thereof) makes his rounds delivering gifts to good children.
In the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Hungary, where St. Nicholas (sveti Mikuláš/szent Mikulás) gives his sweet gifts on December 6, the Christmas gift-giver is the Child Jesus (Ježíšek in Czech, Jézuska in Hungarian, Ježiško in Slovak and Isusek in Croatian





In most parts of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, presents are traditionally exchanged in the evening of December 24. Children are commonly told that presents were brought either by the Christkind (German for: Christchild), or the Weihnachtsmann (German name of Santa Claus). Both leave the gifts, but are in most families not seen doing so




In Finland, Joulupukki, and in Sweden Jultomten, personally meets children and gives presents in the evening of Christmas Eve



In Argentina, Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Quebec, Romania, Uruguay, and Sweden, Christmas presents are opened mostly on the evening of the 24th, – this is also the tradition among the British Royal Family, due to their mainly German ancestry – while in Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, English Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, this occurs mostly on the morning of Christmas Day



In other Latin American countries, people stay awake until midnight, when they open the presents.
In Spain, gifts are traditionally opened on the morning of January 6, Epiphany day ("Día de Los Tres Reyes Magos"), though in some other countries, like Argentina and Uruguay, people receive presents both around Christmas and on the morning of Epiphany day



In the Netherlands, gift giving on Christmas Day is a fairly new phenomenon, because of the Dutch celebration of Sinterklaas on December 5
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[BLaDe]

(Thanksgiving (United States
روز شکرگزاری ( ایالات متحده )

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Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a holiday celebrated in the United States on the fourth Thursday in November. It has officially been an annual tradition since 1863, when, during the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed a national day of "Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens," to be celebrated on Thursday, November 26. As a federal and popular holiday in the U.S., Thanksgiving is one of the major holidays of the year. Together with Christmas and the New Year, Thanksgiving is a part of the broader holiday season.

شکرگزاری یا روز شکرگزاری ، یک روز تعطیل در ایالات متحده در پنجشنبه چهارم در ماه نوامبر جشن گرفته می شده است . این یک سنت سالانه به طور رسمی از سال 1863 ، زمانی که ، در طولجنگ های داخلی ، آبراهام لینکلن ، رئیس جمهور اعلام کرد در روز ملی " شکرگزاری و ستایش به منعم پدر ما که در آسمانها dwelleth ، در پنجشنبه، 26 نوامبر جشن گرفته می شود . به عنوان یک تعطیلی فدرال و محبوب در ایالات متحده ، روز شکرگزاری یکی از تعطیلات مهم سال است. همراه با کریسمس و سال نو ، روز شکرگزاری بخشی از فصل تعطیلات گسترده تر است.
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The event that some Americans commonly call the "First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by the Pilgrims to give thanks to God for guiding them safely to the New World. The first Thanksgiving feast lasted three days, providing enough food for 53 Pilgrims and 90 Native Americans.[SUP][3][/SUP] The feast consisted of fish (cod, eels, and bass) and shellfish (clams, lobster, and mussels), wild fowl (ducks, geese, swans, and turkey), venison, berries and fruit, vegetables (peas, pumpkin, beetroot and possibly, wild or cultivated onion), harvest grains (barley and wheat), and the Three Sisters: beans, dried Indian maize or corn, and squash. The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly celebrating "thanksgivings"—days of prayer thanking God for blessings such as military victory or the end of a drought

این رویداد که برخی از آمریکایی ها به طور معمول با " روز شکرگزاری اول" زائران به جشن گرفته می شد را به لطف خدا برای هدایت آنها را با خیال راحت به دنیای جدید است . اولین جشن شکرگزاری سه روز به طول انجامید ، فراهم کردن غذای کافی برای زائران 53 و 90 بومیان آمریکا است . [3 ]جشن شامل ماهی ( COD، مارماهی ، و باس ) و صدف ( صدف ، خرچنگ و صدف ) ، مرغ وحشی ( اردک ، غازها، قوها ، و ترکیه) ، گوشت گوزن و آهو ، انواع توت ها و میوه ها، سبزیجات ( نخود فرنگی، کدو ، چغندر و احتمالا ، وحشی یا کشت پیاز ) ، برداشت غلات ( جو و گندم) ، و سه خواهر : لوبیا ، ذرت خشک هند یا ذرت و کدو . استعمارگران انگلستان به طور منظم جشن " thanksgivings های " روز نماز تشکر از خداوند برای برکات مانند پیروزی نظامی یاپایان خشکسالی عادت شد
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Traditional celebrations

مراسم سنتی

Foods of the season
غذای فصل





Traditional Thanksgiving dinner
شام شکرگزاری سنتی

U.S. tradition compares the holiday with a meal held in 1621 by the Wampanoag and the Pilgrims who settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. It is continued in modern times with the Thanksgiving dinner, traditionally featuring turkey, playing a central role in the celebration of Thanksgiving

سنت آمریکا تعطیلات را با یک وعده غذایی مقایسه می کند که در سال 1621 توسط Wampanoag و Pilgrims برگزار شد که در پلیموت ، ماساچوست مستقر بودند . این است که در دوران مدرن با شام روز شکرگذاری ادامه یافت که ترکیه با ایفای نقشی محوری در جشن شکرگذاری نمایان شد.

In the United States, certain kinds of food are traditionally served at Thanksgiving meals. Firstly, baked or roasted turkey is usually the featured item on any Thanksgiving feast table (so much so that Thanksgiving is sometimes referred to as "Turkey Day"). Stuffing, mashed potatoes with gravy, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce, sweet corn, various fall vegetables (mainly various kinds of squashes), and pumpkin pie are commonly associated with Thanksgiving dinner. All of these are actually native to the Americas or were introduced as a new food source to the Europeans when they arrived. Turkey may be an exception. In his book Mayflower, Nathaniel Philbrick suggests that the Pilgrims might already have been familiar with turkey in England, even though the bird is native to the Americas. The Spaniards had brought domesticated turkeys back from Central America in the early 17th century, and the birds soon became popular fare all over Europe, including England, where turkey (as an alternative to the traditional goose) became a "fixture at English Christmases

در ایالات متحده ، انواع خاصی از مواد غذایی به طور سنتی در وعده های غذایی شکرگزاری سرو می شود. در مرحله اول، بوقلمون پخته و یا بو داده است که معمولا آیتم نمایانی بر روی هر میز جشن شکرگزاری ( به شدت به طوری که گاهی به روز شکرگزاری به عنوان " روز بوقلمون " اشاره می شود ) . چاشنی ، پوره سیب زمینی با استفاده نا مشروع ، سیب زمینی شیرین ، سس کران بری ، ذرت شیرین ، سبزیجات پاییزه مختلف ( انواع عمدتا مختلف کدو تنبل ) ، و پای کدو تنبل به طور معمول با شام روز شکرگزاری است . همه اینها در واقع به آمریکایی ها بومی هستند و یا به عنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید به اروپایی ها در هنگام ورود آنها معرفی شده بودند. ترکیه ممکن است یک استثناء باشد . Nathaniel Philbrick در کتاب خود به نام Mayflower ، نشان می دهد که مهاجران در حال حاضر ممکن است با بوقلمون در انگلستان آشنا بوده باشند ، حتی پرنده با آمریکایی ها بومی است . اسپانیایی ها بوقلمون اهلی را در اوایل قرن 17 به آمریکای مرکزی آورده بودند ، و پرندگان به زودی خوراک محبوبی در سراسر اروپا، از جمله انگلستان ، ترکیه ( به عنوان یک جایگزین برای غاز سنتی ) "چیز ثابتی "در کریسمس های انگلیسی می گرندند .
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The less fortunate are often provided with food at Thanksgiving time. Most communities have annual food drives that collect non-perishable packaged and canned foods, and corporations sponsor charitable distributions of staple foods and Thanksgiving dinners

خوش شانس کمتری اغلب با مواد غذایی در زمان شکرگزاری فراهم می گردد. اغلب جوامع محلی ، دارای درایوهای غذایی سالانه است که غیر فاسد شدنی بسته بندی شده و غذاهای کنسرو شده ، و شرکت های توزیع خیریه حمایت از غذاهای اصلی و شام شکرگزاری را جمع آوری می کنند.
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Giving thanks
شکر کردن

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Thanksgiving was originally a religious observance for all the members of the community to give thanks to God for a common purpose. Historic reasons for community thanksgivings are: the 1541 thanksgiving mass after the expedition of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado safely crossing the high plains of Texas and finding game, and the 1777 thanksgiving after the victory in the Revolutionary War Battle of Saratoga. In his 1789 Proclamation, President Washington gave many noble reasons for a national Thanksgiving, including "for the civil and religious liberty", for "useful knowledge", and for God’s "kind care" and "His Providence". The only presidents to express a specifically Christian perspective in their proclamation have been Grover Cleveland in 1896, and William McKinley in 1900. Several other presidents have cited the Judeo-Christian tradition. Gerald Ford's 1975 declaration made no clear reference to any divinity.

The tradition of giving thanks to God is continued today in various forms. Various religious and spiritual organizations offer services and events on Thanksgiving themes the weekend before, the day of, or the weekend after Thanksgiving.
At home, it is a holiday tradition in many families to begin the Thanksgiving dinner by saying grace (a prayer before or after a meal). The custom is portrayed in the photograph "Family Holding Hands and Praying Before a Thanksgiving Meal". Traditionally, grace was led by the hostess or host, though in later times it is usual for others to contribute.

Vacation and travel
تعطیلات و مسافرت

On Thanksgiving Day, families and friends usually gather for a large meal or dinner. Consequently, the Thanksgiving holiday weekend is one of the busiest travel periods of the year. Thanksgiving is a four-day or five-day weekend vacation for schools and colleges. Most business and government workers (78% in 2007) are given Thanksgiving and the day after as paid holidays. Thanksgiving Eve, the night before Thanksgiving, is one of the busiest nights of the year for bars and clubs, as many college students and others return to their hometowns to reunite with friends and family

در روز شکرگزاری ، خانواده و دوستان معمولا برای یک وعده غذایی بزرگ و یا شام گرد هم می آیند. در نتیجه، تعطیلات آخر هفته روز شکرگزاری یکی از شلوغ ترین دوره های مسافرتی سال است. شکرگزاری یک تعطیلات آخر هفته چهار یا پنج روزه در مدارس و کالج ها است. به اکثر کارکنان تجارت و کارمندان دولت (78 درصد در سال 2007) ، شکرگزاری و روز بعد به عنوان تعطیلات از پیش پرداخت داده شده است. عید شکرگزاری ، یعنی شب قبل از روز شکرگزاری یکی از شلوغ ترین شب های سال برای بارها ( میخانه ها ) و باشگاه ها است، به طوری که بسیاری از دانشجویان کالج و دیگران بازگشت به وطن خود جهت گرد آمدن مجدد با دوستان و خانواده برمیگردند.
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[آسمان دریایی]

به این دلیل که نخواستم بی نظمی پیش بیاد و تاپیک های تکراری زده بشه، مناسبت های خاص انگلیسی رو اینجا میذارم که مطالب پراکنده نباشه... گرچه مثل مهسا جان که اون بالا توضیحات کاملی دادن، توضیح و تفصیلی تو این پست وجود نداره:1:

Special Days In Brief
April Fool's Day ( All Fool's Day )
Day on the first of April when friends and family play jokes on one another.
Christmas Day
The festival of Christ's birth celebrated by most Christian Churches on 25 December.
Halloween ( Hallowe'en )
Holiday celebrated on the evening of October 31 observed by children dressed in costumes who go from door-to-door collecting candy.
Independence Day
A day celebrating the anniversary of national independence; esp. 4 July in the US, commemorating the making of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
New year's Day
Holiday on January 1st which celebrates the beginning of a new year.
Thanksgiving Day
National holiday of feasting and giving thanks for divine blessings or goodness (celebrated on the last Thursday in November in the United States and on the second Monday in October in Canada).

Valent...'s Day:حرص:
Holiday observed in North America and in some European countries on February 14th in which people exchange tokens of love and affection (particularly between sweethearts).
All Saints' Day
Church festival celebrated on November 1st in honor of all of the saints.


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