آموزش کامل Excel 2003 -EN

[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Simple Formulas

[h=5]To Create a Simple Formula that Multiplies the Contents of Two Cells:

• Type the numbers you want to calculate in separate cells (for example, type 128 in cell B2 and 345 in cell B3).

• Click the cell where the answer will appear (B4, for example).

• Type =
• Click on the first cell to be included in the formula (B2, for example).

• Type a mathematical operator (Ex: the multiplication symbol *). The operator displays in the cell and Formula bar.

• Click on the next cell in the formula (B3, for example).

• If you include multiple cells in the formula, repeat steps 4 and 5 until the entire formula is entered.

• Press Enter or click the Enter button on the Formula bar to complete the formula.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Simple Formulas

[h=3]Creating Simple Division Formulas

Creating division formulas is very similar to the addition, subtraction and multiplication

formulas. To divide the contents of cell B2 by cell B3, you would need to insert a division operator / between them, =B2/B3.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Simple Formulas

[h=5]To Create a Simple Formula that Divides One Cell by Another:

• Type the numbers you want to calculate in separate cells (for example, type 128 in cell B2 and 345 in cell B3).

• Click the cell where the answer will appear (B4, for example).

• Type the equal sign (=) to let Excel know a formula is being defined.

• Click on the first cell to be included in the formula (B2, for example).

• Type a mathematical operator (Ex: the division symbol /). The operator displays in the cell and Formula bar.

• Click on the next cell in the formula (B3, for example).

• If you include multiple cells in the formula, repeat steps 4 and 5 until the entire formula is entered.

• Very Important: Press Enter or click the Enter button on the Formula bar. This step ends the formula.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Simple Formulas

[h=3]Challenge!

• Open your Monthly Budget file.

• Add cells C2 through C10 using a handheld calculator, the calculator on your computer, or pencil and paper.

If you included additional monthly bills in cells C11 through 14, add cells C2 through C14 together to get your total monthly expenses.

How long did it take you to add all those numbers? Well, in the next three modules you will learn how Excel can do the math for you!

• Type the total you came up with in cell C15.

• Type a subtraction formula in C17 that subtracts the amount in C15 from the amount in C16.

• Save and close the Monthly Budget file.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Introduction[h=4]By the end of this lesson, learners should be able to:

• Create complex formulas

• Fill a formula to another cell

• Copy and paste a formula to another cell

• Revise a formula

• Create an absolute reference

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Complex Formulas Defined

Simple formulas have one mathematical operation. Complex formulas involve more than one mathematical operation.

The order of mathematical operations is very important. If you enter a formula that contains several

operations--like adding, subtracting and dividing--Excel 2003 knows to work those operations in a specific order. The order of operations is:


Operations enclosed in parenthesis

Exponential calculations (to the power of)

Multiplication and division, whichever comes first

Addition and subtraction, whichever comes first

Using this order, let us see how the formula 120/(8-5)*4-2 is calculated in the following picture:

Let's take a look at another example:
2*(6-4) =?

Is the answer 8 or 4? Well, if you ignored the parentheses and calculated in the order in which

the numbers appear, 2*6-4, you'd get the wrong answer, 8. You must follow the order of operations to get the correct answer.




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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=5]To Calculate the Correct Answer:

Calculate the operation in parenthesis (6-4), where the answer is 2.

Multiply the answer obtained in step #1, which is 2, to the numeric 2* that opened the equation. In other words, multiply 2*2.

The answer is 4.

When using formulas with cell references, the results change each time the numbers are edited.

Remember: In Excel, never do math "in your head" and type the answer in a cell where you would expect to have a formula calculate the answer.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Complex Formulas Defined (continued)
Before moving on, let's explore some more formulas to make sure you understand the order of operations by which Excel calculates the answer.

5*3/2	Multiply 5*3 before performing the division operation because the multiplication sign comes before the division sign. The answer is 7.5.
5/3*2	Divide 5/3 before performing the multiplication operation because the division sign comes before the multiplication sign. The answer is 3.333333.
5/(3*2)	Perform the operation in parentheses (3*2) first and divide 5 by this result. The answer is 0.833333.
5+3-2	Add 5+3 before performing the subtraction operation because the addition sign comes before the subtraction sign. The answer is 6.
5-2+3	Subtract 5-2 before performing the addition operation because the subtaction sign comes before the addition sign. The answer is 6.
5-2*3	Multiply 2*3 before performing the subtraction operation because the multiplication sign is of a higher order than the subtaction sign. The answer is -1.
(5-2)*3	Perform the operation in parenthesis (5-2) first and then multiply by 3. The answer is 9.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Creating Complex Formulas

Excel 2003 automatically follows a standard order of operations in a complex formula. If

you want a certain portion of the formula to be calculated first, put it in parentheses.


If we wanted to add the contents of cell B2 and cell B3, for example, and then take that answer and

multiply it by the data in cell A4, then we would need to define the following formula: =(B2+B3)*A4.

• Enter the numbers you want to calculate.

• Click the cell where you want the formula result to appear.

• Type the equal sign (=) to let Excel know a formula is being defined.

• Type an open parenthesis, or (

• Click on the first cell to be included in the formula (cell B2, for example).

• Type the addition sign (+) to let Excel know that an add operation is to be performed.

• Click on the second cell in the formula. The reference B3 displays where you want your result.

• End the B2+B3 operation by adding the close parenthesis, or )

• Type the next mathematical operator, or the multiplication symbol (*) to let Excel know that an multiply operation is to be performed.

• Click on the third cell to be included in the formula, cell A4.

• Very Important: Press Enter or click the Enter button
  
  on the Formula bar. This step ends the formula.

Try changing one of the values in the formula and watch the answer to the formula change.
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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Filling Formulas to Other Cells
Sometimes, you will write a formula that gets used a lot in different places of a worksheet. For

example, a spreadsheet may contain several columns of numbers. Each column will contain a

formula that adds all the numbers in it. You could write the formula several times, once in each

column. Or you could copy-and-paste it into each column. The fill formula method allows you to

copy a formula and fill it into many different consecutive cells at the same time.


The mouse pointer changes to a black crosshair when passed over the fill handle, or the square box in the lower right corner of the cell.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=5]To Use the Fill Handle to Copy a Formula to a Surrounding Cell:

• Click on the cell that contains the formula to be copied.

• Position the mouse pointer over the fill handle.

• Click and hold the left mouse button, and then drag the contents to the cell that's to receive the fill formula.

• Release the mouse button.

• Select the Copy Cells option in the fill formula drop-down menu.

The cell references in a formula are automatically updated when the formula is copied to other cells in the spreadsheet.

You can also use copy and paste to copy a formula to other cells. Click next to learn more about the copy and paste method.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Copy and Paste Formulas

The process to copy and paste a formula is identical to that process used to copy and paste text.




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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=5]To Copy and Paste a Formula:

• Select the cell that contains the formula to be copied.

• Click the
  
  Copy button. Marching "ants" appear around the copied cell(s).
• 
  
  
  

• Select the cell where the copied formula is to be pasted.

• Press the Enter key. The formula is copied to the new location.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Revising Formulas

You can revise any formula that was previously written in a worksheet.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=5]To Revise a Formula using the Keyboard:

• Double-click the cell that contains the formula you want to revise.

• The cursor can now move left and right between the values in the formula in cell B5.
  
  
  
• Make the necessary changes to the formula.

• Press the Enter key or click the Enter button to accept the new formula.

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Creating an Absolute Reference

In earlier lessons we saw how cell references in formulas automatically adjust to new locations when the formula is pasted into different cells.


Sometimes, when you copy and paste a formula, you don't want one or more cell references to change. Absolute

reference solves this problem. Absolute cell references in a formula always refer to the same cell or cell range

in a formula. If a formula is copied to a different location, the absolute reference remains the same.


An absolute reference is designated in the formula by the addition of a dollar sign ($). It can precede

the column reference or the row reference, or both. Examples of absolute referencing include:

$A$2	The column and the row do not change when copied.
A$2	The row does not change when copied.
$A2	The column does not change when copied.

 

[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=5]To Create an Absolute Reference:

• Enter the numbers you want to calculate (e,g., 34,567 in cell B2 and 1,234 in cell B3).

• Then, create a simple formula (=B2+B3).
• 
  
  
  
• To create an absolute reference in the formula just created, insert a $ value before
• the B (column reference) and 2 (row reference) in the reference to B2 so the new formula reads, (=$B$2+B3)
  
  
  
• Copy and Paste the formula to another adjacent cell. The formula now includes an absolute reference to B2, (=$B$2+D3).
  
  
  

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Creating Complex Formulas

[h=3]Challenge!

Open your Monthly Budget spreadsheet

.

Fill the formula defined in cell C17 to D17 through N17

.

Type Percent Saved in A18

.

Write a formula in C18 that divides your monthly Savings amount (C17) by your monthly Income (C16

).

Save and close the Monthly Budget spreadsheet.




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[A M I R]

[h=2]Using functions

[h=3]Introduction[h=4]By the end of this lesson, learners should be able to:

• Understand definition of a function

• Use Excel 2003 functions in calculations

• Access Excel 2003 functions

• Find the sum of a range of data

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[A M I R]

[h=2]Using functions

[h=3]Using Functions


A function is a pre-defined formula that helps perform common mathematical

functions. Functions save you the time of writing lengthy formulas. You could use an

Excel function called Average, for example, to quickly find the average of range of

numbers. Or you could use the Sum function to find the sum of a cell range. Excel 2003 contains many different functions.



Each function has a specific order, called syntax, which must be strictly followed for the function to work correctly.

Syntax Order:

All functions begin with the = sign.

After the = sign define the function name (e.g., Sum).

One or more arguments-numbers, text or cell references-enclosed by parentheses. If there is more than one argument, separate each by a comma.

An example of a function with one argument that adds a range of cells, B3 through B10:

An example of a function with more than one argument that calculates the average

of numbers in a range of cells, B3 through B10, and C3 through C10:

Excel literally has hundreds of different functions to assist with your calculations. Building formulas can be

difficult and time-consuming. Excel's functions can save you a lot of time and headaches.


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