مترادف ها (Synonyms ) در زبان انگليسي (‌افعال )

[melika]

give
THESAURUS
give to let someone have something, without expecting to be paid for it : He was always giving me gifts. | They gave a free drink to all their customers.
donate to give money to an organization that helps people or protects something, or to give your blood or part of your body to save someone’s life : The company donates 1 per cent of its profits to charity. | 70% of people wanted to donate their organs after death.
award to officially give money or a prize to someone : She was awarded a million dollars in damages. | Hollywood awarded him an Oscar for his performance.
present to formally or officially give something to someone by putting it in their hands, especially at a formal ceremony : They presented her with a bouquet of flowers.
leave ( also bequeath / bɪˈkwiːð, bɪˈkwiːθ / formal ) to officially arrange for someone to have something that you own after your death : He left most of his property to his wife.
lavish somebody with something/lavish something on somebody formal to give someone a lot of something, especially praise, attention, or gifts : After his team won, the press lavished him with praise.
confer formal to give someone an honour, a university degree, or the right or power to do something : the powers conferred on him by Parliament | the highest honor that her country could confer on her
bestow formal to give someone something to show how much they are respected, for example an honour, a title, or a gift – a very formal use : He was also bestowed the title of ‘Cultural Ambassador of Grenada’.
to give something to a group of people
hand something out/give something out to give something to each of the people in a group : The teacher handed out the test papers. | I’m going to give out some forms for you to fill in.
distribute to give things to a large number of people, especially in the streets : Anti-war protesters were distributing leaflets.
share ( also share something out British English ) to divide something into equal parts and give a part to each person : They shared the profits among the staff

 

[melika]

hit
THESAURUS
to hit someone
hit to hit someone quickly and hard with your hand, a stick etc : He hit him hard in the stomach. | I don’t like to see people hitting a dog.
beat to hit someone deliberately many times, especially very hard : The girl had been beaten to death. | He was beating the donkey with a stick.
strike written to hit someone with your hand or a weapon. Strike is more formal than hit and is mainly used in written English : Her husband struck her twice across the face. | Police say that the man had been struck on the head.
punch to hit someone hard with your closed hand, especially in a fight : I punched him on the nose. | She was screaming and punching him with her fists.
thump / θʌmp / informal to punch someone very hard : Sometimes I just want to thump him.
beat somebody up to hurt someone badly in a violent attack, by hitting them many times : If I tell the police, they'll beat me up. | He had been beaten up and tortured with lighted cigarettes.
slap to hit someone with your open hand, especially because you are angry with them : They had a big row and she ended up slapping him.
spank ( also smack especially British English ) to hit someone, especially a child, with your open hand in order to punish them : Should a parent ever smack a child? | I don’t agree with smacking. | In those days, children were spanked if they behaved badly.
to hit something
hit : Jack hit the ball and it flew over the fence
knock to hit a door or window with your closed hand in order to attract the attention of the people inside : Someone was knocking on the door. | I knocked loudly but no one came.
strike written to hit a surface. Strike is more formal than hit and is mainly used in written English : The ball struck the side of the goal.
whack / wæk / informal to hit something very hard : Edmonds whacked the ball into the air.
bash to hit something hard, especially in a way that causes damage : The police had to bash the door down to get in.
tap to gently hit something with your fingers, often in order to attract someone’s attention : I tapped him on the shoulder. | I heard someone tapping on the window.
rap to knock quickly or hit something several times : He rapped the table with his pen to bring the meeting to order. | Two police officers rapped on the door at 7 o'clock in the morning.
bang to suddenly hit something hard, in a way that makes a loud noise : Her father banged his fist down on the table angrily. | The door suddenly banged shut.
pound written to hit something many times with a lot of force : I could hear the sea pounding on the rocks. | She pounded on the door and shouted wildly.
hammer written to hit something quickly many times making a loud continuous noise : The rain was hammering on the roof. | A crowd of people were outside hammering on the door angrily.
to hit something accidentally
hit : I’ve got a bad bruise where I hit my leg against the table. | The car hit a tree.
bump to hit a part of your body against something, especially because you do not see or notice it : Careful you don’t bump your head – the ceiling’s very low.
bang/bash to hit something hard, so that you hurt yourself or damage something : He banged into the car in front. | I bashed my knee climbing over a gate. | She fell and bashed her chin on the ground.
stub to hit your toe against something and hurt it : I stubbed my toe on the piano leg.
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[melika]

increase
THESAURUS
to increase
increase to become larger in number, amount, or degree : Sales increased by 25%. | The level of violence has increased.
go up to increase. Go up is less formal than increase , and is the usual verb to use in everyday English : The price of coffee has gone up.
rise to increase. Rise sounds a little formal and is often used when talking about the level of something increasing : The demand for oil has been rising steadily. | Living standards have risen dramatically.
grow to increase, especially gradually over a period of time – used about numbers or amounts : Since 1990, US imports of foreign goods have grown at a rate of 7.7% per year. | The number of people working from home has grown substantially.
escalate to increase to a high level – used about things that you do not want to increase such as costs, crimes, or violence : Fuel prices are escalating. | The fighting has escalated.
double/triple to become twice as much or three times as much : Since 1950, the number of people dying from cancer has almost doubled. | The company’s profits tripled last quarter.
expand to become larger in size, or to include a wider range of activities : The business has expanded at a rate of 15% per year. | We are hoping to expand into mobile phone services.
soar to increase and reach a very high level – used about numbers and amounts, or about feelings : The temperature soared to 36.6 degrees centigrade. | His confidence soared. | The singer’s popularity has soared.
shoot up to increase very quickly and suddenly – used about prices, numbers, or temperatures : Share prices shot up 30% over the last week.
to make something increase
increase to make something larger in number, amount, or degree : Being overweight increases the risk of having a heart attack. | We need to increase the number of police officers on the streets.
put something up to increase prices, taxes etc. Put up something is less formal than increase , and is the usual verb to use in everyday English : The landlord has put the rent up again. | They’re always putting up gas prices.
raise to increase something such as prices or taxes, or levels or standards : The bank has raised interest rates for the third time this year. | The school aims to raise students’ levels of achievement.
double/triple to increase the amount of something so that it is twice or three times as large : The airline plans to double the number of passengers it carries by 2015. | High blood pressure triples the risk of strokes.
boost to increase sales, profits, production etc, especially when they have been lower than you want them to be : Growing affluence has boosted sales. | Oil exports boosted the economy.
expand to increase something so that it contains a wider range of things, or to increase the size of a business : The company plans to expand its retail operations. | Supermarkets have expanded their ranges to include non-food items.
extend to increase something such as your power or influence, or the number of things you are involved in : We are hoping to extend the range of services that we offer. | The company plans to extend its dominance of the world car market.
step up something to increase your efforts or activities, especially to change a situation : Security has been stepped up following the bombing. | Local people have stepped up their campaign to prevent a prison being built in their neighbourhood.
heighten to increase a feeling or effect : The attack has heightened concerns about racism in schools. | Hunger can heighten the effect that alcohol has on you.
maximize to increase something as much as possible : Businesses try to maximize efficiency and cut costs. | To maximize the chances of a successful pregnancy, you should make sure that you eat well

 

[melika]

kill
THESAURUS
kill to make someone die : The driver and his passenger were killed in the crash. | He was killed by rival gang members.
murder to deliberately kill someone – used when talking about this as a crime : He was convicted of murdering his wife.
commit manslaughter to kill someone without intending to – used when talking about this as a crime : The court ruled that the guard had committed manslaughter.
assassinate to deliberately kill an important person, especially a politician : He was part of a plot to assassinate Hitler.
slay to kill someone or something in a violent way – used in newspaper reports and also in old stories : Two teenagers were slain in the shootings. | St. George slew the dragon. | The king was slain at the battle of Hastings.
execute formal ( also put somebody to death ) to kill someone as a punishment for a crime : McVeigh, who killed 168 people in a bombing attack, was executed by lethal injection.
eliminate to kill someone in order to prevent them from causing trouble : a ruthless dictator who eliminated all his rivals
take somebody out informal to kill someone in order to get rid of them, especially an enemy or someone who is causing trouble for you : US forces used air strikes to take out the enemy positions. | One of the other drug dealers may have decided to take him out.
bump somebody off humorous informal to kill someone : He was so irritating I felt like bumping him off myself.
do away with somebody informal to kill someone : The settlers in Jamestown had been done away with, but no one knew how.
to kill yourself
commit suicide to kill yourself : He committed suicide after the death of his girlfriend.
take your own life formal to kill yourself : He had taken his own life while he was severely depressed. | They believe that it is a sin to take your own life.
to kill a large number of people
massacre to kill a large number of people in a violent way : Thousands of peaceful demonstrators were massacred by the soldiers.
slaughter to kill a large number of people in a violent way. Slaughter is also used about killing animals for food : The army slaughtered thousands of civilians in an effort to stop the revolt. | The pigs were slaughtered on the farm.
exterminate to kill large numbers of a particular group, so that they no longer exist : Hitler’s goal was to exterminate the Jews.
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[melika]

notice
THESAURUS
notice to realize that something is there or that something is happening, because you can see, hear, or feel it : I noticed that he was rather quiet during dinner. | Children don’t seem to notice the cold. | ‘Julie’s home.’ ‘Yes, I noticed her bicycle outside.’
detect to notice something that is difficult to see, hear etc because it is very small, faint, or unclear. Detect is used about people and machines, and is more formal than notice : X-ray telescopes can now detect virtually every type of astronomical object. | He thought he detected a flicker of interest in her eyes.
spot to notice something, especially something that is difficult to see or that you see for a short time only. Spot is more informal than notice : Can you spot the difference between these two pictures? | I’m glad you spotted the mistake before it was too late.
become aware/conscious to gradually begin to notice that something is happening or is true : I became aware that Mum was getting a lot older. | Tessa became conscious of a feeling of guilt.
can tell to be able to notice something because you can see, smell, hear it etc : I could tell that she had been drinking. | Can you tell I've lost weight?
something/somebody catches your eye used to say that you suddenly notice something or someone because they are interesting, attractive, or good at something : I saw this shirt in the shop window and it just caught my eye. | Clarke caught the eye of boss Bryan Robson when he scored for Newry last week.
observe formal to notice something as a result of watching or studying it closely : Psychologists observed that the mice became more aggressive in smaller cages.
perceive formal to notice something, especially that something is happening, or is true, or needs to be done : The company quickly perceived the need for change. | Doctors perceive that they do not have adequate time to spend with their patients.
witness to see something happen because you are there at the time : People have witnessed some great economic changes during the last ten years.
miss to not notice something because it is difficult to see : It’s easy to miss the entrance – the sign is hidden behind a tree

 

[melika]

protect
THESAURUS
protect to keep someone or something safe from harm, damage, or illness : Don’t worry, I’ll protect you. | The government wants to protect the environment. | Eating healthily helps to protect against many diseases.
give/offer/provide protection to protect someone from something harmful : Wearing a hat offers some protection from the sun. | The drug can give protection against cancer. | The law provides no protection.
guard to protect a person, place, or object by staying near them and watching them : Police officers guarded the entrance to the building. | He is guarded by armed men.
save to protect someone or something when they are in danger of being harmed or destroyed : Local people are fighting to save the theatre from demolition. | Emergency aid could save millions of people who are threatened with starvation.
preserve to keep something, especially buildings or the environment, from being harmed, destroyed, or changed too much : The organization works to preserve forests. | There is little money for preserving historic buildings.
safeguard to protect something important, such as people’s rights, interests, jobs, health etc : The deal will safeguard 200 jobs at the factory. | Laws should do more to safeguard the rights of victims.
shield to put something in front of something else to protect it. Also used to talk about protecting people from unpleasant situations : He lifted his hand to shield his eyes from the light. | They thought the public should be shielded from the truth.
shelter to provide a place where someone or something is protected from the weather or from danger : The village is sheltered by a belt of trees. | His family had sheltered Jews during the war.
harbour British English , harbor American English to help and protect someone who has done something illegal, and prevent the police from finding them : He is accused of harbouring suspected terrorists.
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[melika]

put
THESAURUS
put to move something to a particular place : I’ve put the wine in the fridge. | Where have you put my grey shirt?
place to put something somewhere carefully : ‘It’s beautiful,’ he said, placing it back on the shelf.
lay to put someone or something down carefully on a flat surface : He laid all the money on the table. | She laid the baby on his bed.
position to carefully put something in a suitable position : Position the microphone to suit your height. | Troops were positioned around the city.
slip to put something somewhere with a quick movement : He slipped his arm around her waist. | Carrie quickly slipped the money into her bag.
shove to put something into a space or container quickly or carelessly : Shove anything you don’t want in that sack. | I’ve ironed those shirts so don’t just shove them in a drawer.
stick ( also bung British English ) informal to put something somewhere quickly or carelessly : I stuck the address in my pocket and I can’t find it now. | Could you bung those clothes in the washing machine?
dump to put something down somewhere in a careless and untidy way : Don’t just dump all your bags in the kitchen. | People shouldn’t dump rubbish at the side of the street.
pop informal to quickly put something somewhere, usually for a short time : Pop it in the microwave for a minute.
thrust literary to put something somewhere suddenly or forcefully : ‘Hide it,’ he said, thrusting the watch into her hand.
to put something into a liquid
dip to put something into a liquid for a very short time and take it out again : She dipped her hand in the water to see how hot it was. | Prawns are delicious dipped in a spicy sauce.
plunge to put something quickly, firmly, and deeply into a liquid : Plunge the pasta into a pan of boiling water. | I had to plunge my arm in up to the elbow to reach the keys.
dunk to put something such as a piece of bread or cake into a hot drink or soup before eating it : I love biscuits dunked in coffee.
immerse to put something deep into a liquid so that it is completely covered : If the plant’s leaves look dry, immerse the roots in water for a while

 

[melika]

read
THESAURUS
read to look at and understand the words in a book, magazine, letter etc for interest, enjoyment, or study : What book are you reading at the moment? | I usually read the newspaper on the way to work.
flick/flip/leaf through something to turn the pages of a book, magazine etc quickly, looking for things that might interest you : While I was waiting, I flicked through a magazine. | She was flipping through the pages of an encyclopedia. | Cunningham was leafing through a copy of the Financial Times at his desk amidst a cloud of cigar-smoke.
browse through something to spend time looking through a book, magazine etc without any clear purpose, looking for things that might interest you : Would you like to browse through our holiday brochure?
skim/scan (through) something to read something quickly to get the main ideas or find a particular piece of information : I want you to skim through the article and write a short summary of it. | Tony scanned the menu for a vegetarian option.
pore over something to read something very carefully for a long time : They spent weeks poring over guidebooks and planning their holiday.
devour something / dɪˈvaʊə $ -ˈvaʊr / to read something quickly and eagerly : Her young fans devour her books.
dip into something to read short parts of something : It’s a book you can dip into rather than read from cover to cover.
plough/wade through something to read something long and boring : He’s upstairs ploughing through financial reports. | I can’t possibly wade through all this.
surf the Net/Internet/Web to look quickly through information on the Internet, stopping to read what interests you : I was surfing the Net, trying to find my ideal job

 

[melika]

say
THESAURUS
to say something
say to tell someone something, using words : ‘I really ought to go,’ she said. | Lauren said she’d probably be late.
state to say something, especially in a definite or formal way – used in official contexts : The witness stated that he had never seen the woman before. | Please state your name and address.
announce to publicly tell people about something : The chairman announced his resignation. | The results will be announced tomorrow. | We will announce the winners next Sunday. | They were announcing the train times over the loudspeaker system.
declare to say something very firmly : ‘My personal life is none of your business,’ she declared.
mention to talk about someone or something, especially without giving many details : Did Tom mention anything about what happened at school? | Your name was mentioned!
express to let someone know your feelings by putting them into words : Young children often find it difficult to express their emotions.
comment to say what your opinion is about someone or something : The prime minister was asked to comment on the crisis.
note/remark formal to say that you have noticed that something is true – used especially in formal writing : We have already noted that most old people live alone. | Someone once remarked that the problem with computers is that they only give you answers.
add to say something more, after what has already been said : He added that he thought it could be done fairly cheaply.
point out to mention something that seems particularly important or relevant : Dr Graham points out that most children show some signs of abnormal behaviour. | It’s worth pointing out that few people actually die of this disease.
air to talk about your opinions, worries, or the things you disagree about : air your views/grievances/differences : The programme will give listeners the chance to air their views about immigration. | Workers were able to air their grievances.
voice to talk publicly about your feelings or about whether you approve or disapprove of something formal : voice concern/support/doubt/fears etc : The president has already voiced his support for the proposal. | She voiced concern for the safety of the hostages.
different ways of saying something
whisper to say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your full voice : ‘Don’t wake the baby,’ Jenny whispered.
mumble to say something quietly without pronouncing the words clearly : He mumbled his thanks.
mutter to say something quietly, especially when you are annoyed but do not want someone to hear you complaining : ‘This is ridiculous,’ he muttered under his breath. | She muttered something about having to go home early.
murmur to say something in a soft slow gentle voice : She stroked his hair and murmured, ‘Don’t worry. You’ll be all right.’
growl to say something in a low angry voice : ‘As I was saying,’ Lewis growled, ‘it needs to be finished today.’
snarl to say something in a nasty angry way : ‘Get out of my way!’ he snarled.
exclaim to say something suddenly and loudly : ‘How beautiful!’ she exclaimed.
blurt out to suddenly say something without thinking, especially something embarrassing or secret : It was partly nervousness that had made him blurt out the question.
stammer/stutter to speak with a lot of pauses and repeated sounds, because you have a speech problem, or because you are nervous or excited : ‘I’ll, I’ll only be a m-moment,’ he stammered

 

[melika]

touch
THESAURUS
touch to put your fingers or hand onto someone or something for a very short time : Don’t touch the iron – it’s hot!
feel to touch something with your fingers in order to find out about it : Feel how soft this material is. | I felt his forehead. It was cold.
handle to touch something and pick it up and hold it in your hands : Children should always wash their hands before handling food. | The glass was very fragile, and she handled it with great care. | Please do not handle the merchandise.
finger to touch or handle something with your fingers, especially while you are thinking of other things : She fingered the heavy necklace around her neck.
rub to move your hand over a surface while pressing it : Bob rubbed his eyes and yawned.
scratch to rub part of your body with your nails, often because it itches : The dog kept scratching its ear. | Bob scratched his head thoughtfully.
tickle to move your fingers lightly over someone’s body in order to make them laugh : The baby giggled as I tickled him.
grope to touch someone’s body in a ***ual way when they do not want to be touched : The officer was accused of groping several women in his platoon.
touch somebody gently or lovingly
stroke to move your hand gently over something, especially in a loving way : She stroked the child’s hair. | Our cat won’t let people stroke him.
pat to touch an animal or child lightly several times, with your hand flat : He knelt down to pat the dog. | She patted the little boy’s head.
pet to touch and move your hand gently over someone, especially an animal or child : The goats, pigs, sheep, and cows here allow you to pet them.
caress / kəˈres / to gently touch a part of someone’s body in a loving way : a mother caressing her child | She caressed his cheek.
fondle to touch a part of someone’s body in a loving or ***ual way – use this especially about touching someone in a ***ual way that is not wanted : He tried to fondle her and she immediately pulled away from him

 

[melika]

use
THESAURUS
use : Do you mind if I use your phone? | They rebuilt the church using local stone. | We use a range of different methods.
make use of something to use something that is available to you : Staff can make use of a wide range of facilities. | She made full use of her contacts within the organization.
employ formal to use a particular method or skill in order to achieve something : The surgeons employed a new technique. | They employed every means at their disposal (= every available method ) .
utilize formal to use something that is available to you, for a practical purpose : The company has developed a new way to utilize solar energy. | a better way of utilizing the space
exploit to use something as fully and effectively as possible, or to use something that will give you an advantage over your opponent : The country’s natural resources have not yet been fully exploited. | He was quick to exploit any weakness in his opponent’s argument.
apply to use something such as a method, idea, or system in a particular situation : New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process. | I wanted to apply the things that I had learned on the course.
draw on something to use information, knowledge, or experience that you have learned in the past : He was able to draw on his own experience as a diplomat when he was writing the book. | Journalists draw on information from many different sources.
resort to something to use violence, force, threats etc as a way of achieving something : Extremists on both sides resort to violence. | We are prepared to resort to force if necessary.
to use your power or your rights
exercise formal to use your rights, authority, influence etc : Only 40% of the poulation exercised their right to vote. | Congress must decide whether to exercise its veto.
wield / wiːld / formal to use great power or influence : The central banks wield enormous power

 

[melika]

write
THESAURUS
write to use a pen or pencil to make words, letters etc : Have you written a shopping list? | The children are learning to read and write.
write something down to write something on paper, in order to remember it or make a record : He wrote down everything she said.
put to write something in a particular place, or to write particular words : I’ve put the dates of the meetings in my diary. | At the end of the email she put ‘PS I love you’.
put something in writing to write something that you have agreed or promised, so that there is an official record : They said they would pay me 50%, but they haven’t actually put it in writing.
make a note of something to write information that you might need later : I’ll just make a note of your address. | Make a note in your diary.
take notes to write things while someone is speaking or while something is happening, so that you can use them later : His lawyer was with him taking notes.
scrawl / skrɔːl $ skrɒːl / to write something carelessly and untidily, especially in big letters – often used to show disapproval : Someone had scrawled graffiti on the school wall. | He’d scrawled a few unhelpful comments at the bottom of my work.
fill something in/out to write information on a form or other official document : Please fill in the application form in black ink. | Would you mind filling out a questionnaire?
sign to write your name at the end of a letter, document etc : Read the contract carefully, and then sign it. | Don’t forget to sign your name.
to write something quickly
jot something down to write something very quickly : Start your essay by jotting down a few ideas. | He checked the meter and jotted something down.
scribble to write something quickly and in an untidy way : Andy scribbled a quick note and handed it to the chairman. | I’ve scribbled something here but I can’t read it now.
to write something on a computer
enter to make words or numbers appear on a computer screen by pressing the keys : You have to enter your password twice. | The patients medical records are entered into a database.
key something in/type something in to write or record information on a computer, especially something you are copying : I’ve keyed in my credit card details. | To visit our website, just type in our the address.